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Outdoor Study Group

The Applied Individual Differences Research Team

About Us

The Applied Individual Differences Research Team researches how people differ from one another. The fact that we are all different is obvious. However, how and why we differ are areas that we focus on. From looking at unique patterns of individuals to group identifications and actions, nothing is off limits. Follow us on our Twitter page for regular updates and conversations.

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Biographies

The Applied Individual Differences Research Team consists of accomplished and well known academics in the their respected research fields.

Dr Neil Dagnall

Dr Neil Dagnall is a Professor in Psychology at Manchester Metropolitan University. His research focuses on applied aspects of cognition, particularly thinking style and cognitive-perceptual factors that influence decision-making and behaviour change. This includes an interest in scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs (i.e., belief in the paranormal, conspiratorial ideation, pseudo-science, and urban legends). Recently, these research strands informed the development of personalised health care assessments as part of a KTP with Nuffield Health. Neil has also an interest in psychometric scale development and evaluation, which has resulted in recent publications examining the structure and best use of established psychological measures. Relatedly, Neil works in the area of performance, predominantly the development of non-cognitive skills. This activity has resulted in associations with notable sporting organisations. Neil’s work is acknowledged internationally as demonstrated by his good publication record, a history of attracting funding (e.g., Bial Research Fellowship), and an outstanding record of public engagement and knowledge exchange. Neil is a Certified BPS Occupational Test User of Ability (Former Level A) and Personality (Former Level B).

Dr Andrew Denovan

Dr Andrew Denovan is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Liverpool John Moores University. His research typically assumes a focus on how individual difference constructs relate to health and well-being. He furthermore has an active interest in the development and evaluation of psychological measures, psychometrics, and statistical modelling. This strand of research has resulted in the formation of several psychological scales using advanced analytic techniques. His research also focuses on stress, applied cognitive psychology (e.g., conspiracy belief), and psychopathology (e.g., Dark Triad). Alongside other research activities, Andrew is currently completing a programme of funded research, focusing on illusory health beliefs and the affiliated effects on health outcomes/behaviours over time. Andrew possesses a strong publication record and a good record of knowledge exchange. He is also certified with the British Psychological Society as a Test User of Ability (formerly Level A) and Personality (formerly Level B).

Dr Ken Drinkwater

Dr Ken Drinkwater is Senior Lecturer in Psychology and Parapsychology. His PhD focused on paranormal belief measurement. 
He has been research active for several years and has contributed to many published works. He is a founder of the film club at MMU and recently set up a paranormal group that holds regular weekly meetings to discuss all things paranormal, which promotes student engagement and interest in this area of research.
His research interests are in Parapsychology (paranormal belief, urban legends and conspiracy theories), memory and part set cuing effects, and neuropsychology. Dr Drinkwater is a well-known academic in Parapsychology, neuropsychology (head injuries / Parkinson's / epilepsy), Psychological /  IQ / Intelligence and Ability measurement / testing, and Cognition (perception, attention and memory projective methods).

Dr Elena Hill-Artamonova 

Elena Hill-Artamonova  achieved a BA in Anthropology, BSc in Psychology, MA in Political Science, MSc in Social Psychology, and a PhD in Psychology. She has several published papers on the subject of politics and individual differences. Currently, she is researching cross-cultural differences among UK and Russian samples on Dark Triad and Big Five constructs, specifically in relation to prejudice and aggression.

Dr Chris Williams 

Chris conducts research looking at Dark Triad and expectancy biases. He contributed to the creation of a hopelessness scale, alongside Neil and Andrew.

Psychometric Measure Development

The Research Team have designed and evaluated several successful psychometric measures/questionnaires. Academic and practical applications exist for these measures, including within funded research, the US Army, with UK schoolchildren. ​

 

If you would like advice or support with developing and/or evaluating a measure, please contact the team via Dr Andrew Denovan: a.m.denovan@ljmu.ac.uk​

 

Some examples of quality psychometric measures the Team have developed include:

The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale (Denovan, Dagnall, & Drinkwater, 2024)

The Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (Denovan & Dagnall, 2019)

The General Hopelessness Scale (Drinkwater et al., 2023)

The 10-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Dagnall et al., 2019)​

 

Examples of measures the Team have evaluated within research include:

The Short Dark Triad (Denovan et al., 2024)

The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (Dinić et al., 2024; Dagnall et al., 2023; Fasce et al., 2022; Drinkwater et al., 2020)

The Belief in Science Scale (Denovan et al., 2024; Dagnall et al., 2019)

The Inventory of Personality Organization-Reality Testing Subscale (Denovan et al., 2024; Dagnall et al., 2018)

The Assessment of Sadistic Personality (Plouffe et al., 2023)

The Ego Resiliency Scale Revised (Denovan et al., 2022)

The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (Papageorgiou et al., 2022)

The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (Denovan et al., 2019)

The Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (Drinkwater et al., 2017)​ 

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Examples of Media Stories Underpinning the Research

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Narcissism

Findings from a collaborative study (Papageorgiou, Malanchini, Denovan, Clough, Shakeshaft, Schofield, & Kovas, 2018) attracted approximately 300 pieces of coverage (online, paper, pre-recorded and live radio interviews) and it was the 5th top story on the BBC's main website having achieved more than a million readers. Live interviews included an interview on BBC World Service radio.

For example:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-44601198

https://thedailytexan.com/2018/08/09/study-narcissism-linked-to-mental-toughness/

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Another press release covering collaborative research (with Dr Kostas Papageorgiou and Dr Neil Dagnall) resulted in over 350 pieces of coverage (online, paper, pre-recorded and live radio interviews).

For example:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191029080728.htm

https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/news/narcissism-may-lower-stress-levels-and-reduce-chances-of-depression-new-study-finds-326552

Youth Sport Trust

A November 2023 press release emerging from a completed project funded by the Youth Sports Trust:

https://www.cypnow.co.uk/news/article/sports-participation-boosts-wellbeing-in-young-teenagers-research-finds  

Mental Toughness

A study concerning the development of a 10-item Mental Toughness questionnaire resulted in media coverage from sites including Psychology Today:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/the-athletes-way/201908/mental-toughness-just-got-easier-assess

The Conversation and Expert Opinion in the News

Publications and Research Grants

The Applied Individual Differences Research Team have published in a number of leading journals and periodicals. The Team have also been supported by several funding organizations. We have been privileged to collaborate with some influential senior academics and leading experts in the field of applied individual differences.

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Featured Works

Cross, K., Batey, M. D., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Powell, D. (2024). Hitting boundaries: Contract type, playing experience, non-cognitive skills, and sport anxiety in elite women cricketers. PLoS ONE 19(8): e0308281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308281

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Gascón, A. E. (2024). Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1396485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396485 

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Artamonova, E., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2024). Evaluation of the 10-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ10): cross-cultural assessment and scrutiny of method effects. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06562-9 

 

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. (2024). The Chronic Time Pressure Inventory: further assessment of factorial structure and validity. PeerJ, 12, e17373. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17373. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310055

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2024). The paranormal health beliefs scale: an evaluation using cognitive interviewing. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1306372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1306372 

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2024). The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale: preliminary validation using exploratory factor and Rasch analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1408734. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408734

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2024). The Inventory of Personality Organization-Reality Testing Subscale and Belief in Science Scale: Confirmatory factor and Rasch analysis of thinking style measures. PloS one, 19(9), e0310055

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Dinic, B., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Došenović, A., & Neave, N. (2023). Assessing Conspiracist Beliefs Across Societies: Validation of the Serbian Adaptation of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS). International Journal of Psychology, 59(2), 322-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13089

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Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2024). Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships. Plos one, 19(3), e0297403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297403

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2024). Abandoned vs. regenerated places: Evidence of five social impacts that improve urban planning. Cities, 146, 104739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104739.

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Drinkwater, K. (2024). Impact of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) on air safety: evidence from Airbus® TCAS/ROSE simulators. Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, 102617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2024.102617

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Serra, M. V., Houran, J., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2024). Resources on Escolà-Gascón et al.'s (2023) remote viewing research per the original CIA experiments. Explore, 20(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2023.07.008

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Scott, M. W., Esselaar, M., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Marshall, B., Deacon, A. S., ... & Wright, D. J. (2024). Development and Validation of the Combined Action Observation and Motor Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(aop), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2023-0338

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Walker, L., Grogan, S., Denovan, A., Scholtens, K., McMillan, B., Conner, M., ... & Cordero, M. I. (2024). An Age-Progression Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study Investigating the Influence of Two Sets of Instructions on Intervention Efficacy. International journal of behavioral medicine, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-024-10285-3

School LIbrary

Grants

Student in Library

Below are some examples of the grants achieved by the Team:

 

Denovan, A. (2023). Psychometric validation of a questionnaire for assessing anomalous health beliefs and statistically modelling the effects of the construct on health outcomes longitudinally. BIAL Foundation (€42,000).

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Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. (2022). Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement. BIAL Foundation (€50,000).

 

Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2022). The benefits of sport participation and physical activity in schools. Youth Sport Trust / HMC (£4,683).

 

Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2021). A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being. BIAL Foundation (€43,000). 

 

Crockett, K., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & McLean, D. (2020). The Insights People (KTP). Innovate UK (£263,706.64).

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Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. (2020). GMHSC Routes into AHP Evaluation. NHS Oldham CCG (£5,832).

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Goldbart, J., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2020). Assessing ten years of Routes for Learning data. HPSC Manchester Metropolitan University (£2,410.20).

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Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2019). Developing a new non-cognitive measure: Reconceptualising resource-based psychological constructs. HPSC Manchester Metropolitan University (£7,091).

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Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. Neuropsychological and Cognitive-perceptual Characteristics of Mediums and Psychics. BIAL Foundation (€50,000).

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​​​Taylor, J., & Denovan, A. (2013). Time to put it into perspective: Developing a balanced time: Developing a balanced time perspective to promote student coping, engagement, and wellbeing. URF Teesside University (£5,000).

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Bial Research Fellowship (2010). Paranormal Belief, Evaluation of Paranormal Experiences, Schizotypy & Reality Testing. BIAL Foundation (€50,000).

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Macaskill, A., Bowles, D. B., & Denovan, A. (2008). Creating a 'can do' culture for students in Higher Education. Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Sheffield Hallam University (£6,000).

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Bial Research Fellowship (2008). The Effect of Paranormal Belief & Cognitive-Perceptual Factors on Mnemonic Performance: An Experimental Investigation. BIAL Foundation (€40,000).

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Bial Research Fellowship (2006). Paranormal Belief & Well Being: An Exploration of Cognitive-Perceptual Bias. BIAL Foundation (€50,000).

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Journal articles

Cross, K., Batey, M. D., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Powell, D. (2024). Hitting boundaries: Contract type, playing experience, non-cognitive skills, and sport anxiety in elite women cricketers. PLoS ONE 19(8): e0308281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308281

​

Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Gascón, A. E. (2024). Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1396485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396485 

​

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Artamonova, E., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2024). Evaluation of the 10-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ10): cross-cultural assessment and scrutiny of method effects. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06562-9 

 

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. (2024). The Chronic Time Pressure Inventory: further assessment of factorial structure and validity. PeerJ, 12, e17373. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17373. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310055

​

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2024). The paranormal health beliefs scale: an evaluation using cognitive interviewing. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1306372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1306372 

​

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2024). The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale: preliminary validation using exploratory factor and Rasch analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1408734. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408734

​

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2024). The Inventory of Personality Organization-Reality Testing Subscale and Belief in Science Scale: Confirmatory factor and Rasch analysis of thinking style measures. PloS one, 19(9), e0310055

​​

Dinic, B., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Došenović, A., & Neave, N. (2023). Assessing Conspiracist Beliefs Across Societies: Validation of the Serbian Adaptation of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS). International Journal of Psychology, 59(2), 322-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13089

​

Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2024). Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships. Plos one, 19(3), e0297403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297403

​

Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2024). Abandoned vs. regenerated places: Evidence of five social impacts that improve urban planning. Cities, 146, 104739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104739.

​

Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Drinkwater, K. (2024). Impact of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) on air safety: evidence from Airbus® TCAS/ROSE simulators. Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, 102617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2024.102617

​

Escolà-Gascón, Á., Serra, M. V., Houran, J., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2024). Resources on Escolà-Gascón et al.'s (2023) remote viewing research per the original CIA experiments. Explore, 20(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2023.07.008

​

Scott, M. W., Esselaar, M., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Marshall, B., Deacon, A. S., ... & Wright, D. J. (2024). Development and Validation of the Combined Action Observation and Motor Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(aop), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2023-0338

​

Walker, L., Grogan, S., Denovan, A., Scholtens, K., McMillan, B., Conner, M., ... & Cordero, M. I. (2024). An Age-Progression Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study Investigating the Influence of Two Sets of Instructions on Intervention Efficacy. International journal of behavioral medicine, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-024-10285-3

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Burns, D., Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. (2023). Predictors of help-seeking behaviour in UK university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 47(6), 727-739. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2226598. 

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Curtis, K., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2023). Facing death anxiety: effects of professional exposure to death and dying. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(4), 616-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20233225. 

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2023). Longitudinal assessment of the temporal stability and predictive validity of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1094701. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1094701. 

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K. G., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2023). The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale-5 (GBS-5): Further psychometric evaluation using a United Kingdom-based sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1303838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303838. 

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N. & Drinkwater, K. G. (2023). Examining what Mental Toughness, Ego Resiliency, Self-efficacy, and Grit measure: An exploratory structural equation modelling bifactor approach. Current Psychology, 42(26), 22148-22163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03314-5. 

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2023). Non-Cognitive Adaptive Resourcefulness: Scrutiny of its Multidimensionality and Nomological Validity. Psychological Reports (Advance online publication). https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231221502. 

 

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2023). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory using Rasch analysis. PeerJ, 11, e15218. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15218. 

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​Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. (2023). Conspiracy Theory Advocacy and Endorsement of Inaccurate Material: A Review of the Psychological Research 2010 - 2022. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(1), 17-35. https://doi.org/10.31275/20232751. â€‹

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Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Williams, C. (2023). The General Hopelessness Scale: development of a measure of hopelessness for non-clinical samples. PLoS One, 18(6), e0287016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287016. 

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Alsina-Pagès, R. M., & Freixes, M. (2023). Evidence of environmental urban design parameters that increase and reduce sense of place in Barcelona (Spain). Landscape and Urban Planning, 235, 104740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104740.

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Diez-Bosch, M., & Micó-Sanz, J. L. (2023). Social impact of environmental disasters: Evidence from Canary Islands volcanic eruption. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 88, 103613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103613. 

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., & Diez-Bosch, M. (2023). Who falls for fake news? Psychological and clinical profiling evidence of fake news consumers. Personality and Individual Differences, 200, 111893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111893. 

 

Escolà-Gascón, Á., Houran, J., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2023). Follow-up on the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) remote viewing experiments. Brain and Behavior, e3026. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.3026. 

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Escolà-Gascón, Á., Serra, M. V., Houran, J., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Denovan, A. (2023). Resources on Escolà-Gascón et al.'s (2023) remote viewing research per the original CIA experiments. Explore. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2023.07.008.

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Mojtahedi, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Clough, P., Dewhurst, S., Hillier, M., Papageorgiou, K., & Perry, J. (2023). Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 713-726. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090713. 

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Papageorgiou, K. A., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Artamonova, E., Gianniou, F. M., Papageorgiou, S., Plouffe, R. A., Kowalski, C. M., Saklofske, D. H., Kyriazos, T., Stalikas, A., & Costantini, G. (2023). Grandiose narcissism indirectly associates with lower psychopathology across five countries. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 167, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.003.

 

Plouffe, R. A., Kowalski, C. M., Papageorgiou, K. A., Dinić, B. M., Artamonova, E., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Gianniou, F. M., Kyriazos, T., Saklofske, D. H., & Stalikas, A. (2023). The Revised Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP-8): Evidence for validity across four countries. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2022.2055476. 

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Wheatley, C., Batey, M., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2023). Mental toughness in the Football Association Women's Super League: Relationships with playing experience, perceptions of club infrastructure, support mechanisms and self-esteem. PLoS One, 18(5), e0285594. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285594. 

 

Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2022). Paranormal belief, cognitive-perceptual factors, and well-being: A network analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 967823. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967823. 

 

Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K. G., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2022). Paranormal belief and well-being: The moderating roles of transliminality and psychopathology-related facets. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 915860. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915860. 

 

Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2022). Variations in well-being as a function of paranormal belief and psychopathological symptoms: A latent profile analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 886369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886369. 

 

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2022). The Ego Resiliency Scale-Revised: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 40(6), 707-721. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829221090117.

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Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., Hill-Artamonova, E., & Musienko, T. (2022). Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis of the Russian version of the Ego Resiliency Scale-Revised. National Security and Strategic Planning, 1(37), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2022-1-82-96.

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Parker, A., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2022). Paranormal Experience Profiles and Their Association with Variations in Executive Functions: A Latent Profile Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 778312. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.778312.

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Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., Houran, J., Denovan, A., & O’Keeffe, C. (2022). Structural Relationships Among Mental Boundaries, Childhood Imaginary Companions, Creative Experiences, and Entity Encounters. Psychological Reports (Advance online publication). https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221123235.

 

Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Walsh, S., Sproson, L., Peverell, M., & Denovan, A. (2022). Self-ascribed paranormal ability: Reflexive thematic analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 845283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845283.

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Fasce, A., Avendaño, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2022). Validation of the Spanish version of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25, e25. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2022.21.

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Papageorgiou, K. A., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Artamonova, E. (2022). A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory Short Form: Narcissism as a Multidimensional Trait in the United Kingdom and Russia. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1929263.

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Walker, L., Grogan, S., Scholtens, K., Denovan, A., McMillan, B., Armitage, C. J., Conner, M., Epton, T., & Cordero, M. I. (2022). UK women smokers' experiences of an age-progression smoking cessation intervention: Thematic analysis of accounts. PEC Innovation, 1, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100021.

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Williams, C., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., & Dagnall, N. (2022). Thinking Style and Paranormal Belief: The role of cognitive biases. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 41(3), 274-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762366211036435. 

 

Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Walsh, R. S. (2021). The Potential Benefits of Non-skills Training (Mental Toughness) for Elite Athletes: Coping with the Negative Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 581431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.581431.

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Artamonova, E., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2021). Dark Triad traits, learning styles, and symptoms of depression: Assessing the contribution of mental toughness longitudinally. Learning and Individual Differences, 91, 102053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102053.

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Artamonova, E. (2021). Mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ18): A Russian version. National Security and Strategic Planning, 3(35), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-3-47-59.

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Parker, A., & Escolà-Gascón, Á. (2021). Executive Functioning: Assessing the Role of Perceived Paranormal Ability. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 798283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798283.

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Walsh, R. S. (2021). To What Extent Have Conspiracy Theories Undermined COVID-19: Strategic Narratives? Frontiers in Communication, 6, 576198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.576198.

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Williams, C. (2021). Differences in Cognitive-Perceptual Factors Arising from Variations in Self-Professed Paranormal Ability. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 681520. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681520.

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Williams, C. (2021). Paranormal Belief, Thinking Style and Delusion Formation: A Latent Profile Analysis of Within-Individual Variations in Experience-Based Paranormal Facets. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 670959. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670959.

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Mojtahedi, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Clough, P., Hull, S., Canning, D., Lilley, C., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2021). The relationship between Mental Toughness, Job Loss, and Mental Health Issues during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 607246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607246.

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Perry, J., Strycharczyk, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Papageorgiou, K. A., & Clough, P. J. (2021). Dimensionality of the mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ48). Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 654836. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654836.

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Ware, J., Martin, P., Thorpe, P., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Goldbart, J., & Bradshaw, J. (2021). Proceedings of the 6th IASSIDD Europe Congress: Value Diversity. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(5), 1181-1371. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12917.

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Walsh, R. S. (2020). Bridging the Gap Between UK Government Strategic Narratives and Public Opinion/Behavior: Lessons From COVID-19. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 71. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.00071.

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Walsh, R. S. (2020). Bridging the gap between UK Government strategic narratives and public opinion/behavior: Lessons from COVID-19. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 71. DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2020.00071

 

Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Neave, N. (2020). Conspiracist beliefs, intuitive thinking, and schizotypal facets: A further evaluation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 34, 1394-1405. DOI: 10.1002/acp.3716

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Macaskill, A., & Papageorgiou, K. (2020). Future time perspective, positive emotions and student engagement: A longitudinal study. Studies in Higher Education, 45, 1533-1546. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2019.1616168

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Monk, L. (2020). Schizotypy and Risk-Taking Behaviour: The Contribution of Urgency. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 42, 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09769-4

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. (2020). Dark Triad Traits and Sleep-Related Constructs: An Opinion Piece. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 505. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00505

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Drinkwater, K. G., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Neave, N. (2020). Psychometric assessment of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale. Plos one, 15, e0230365. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230365

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Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2020). Lucid Dreaming, Nightmares, and Sleep Paralysis: Associations with Reality Testing Deficits and Paranormal Experience/Belief. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 471. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00471

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Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Parker, A. (2020). Predictors of Hearing Electronic Voice Phenomena in Random Noise: Schizotypy, Fantasy Proneness, and Paranormal Beliefs. Journal of Parapsychology, 84, 96-113.

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Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2020). Eye-closure & the retrieval of item-specific information in recognition memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 77, 102858. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102858

 

Walsh, R. S., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Reddington, S., & Dagnall, N. (2020). Predicting GP visits: A multinomial logistic regression investigating GP visits amongst a cohort of UK patients living with Myalgic encephalomyelitis. BMC Family Practice, 21, 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01160-7

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K. G., & Parker, A. (2019). An evaluation of the Belief in Science Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 861. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00861

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Papageorgiou, K. A., Clough, P. J., Parker, A., & Drinkwater, K. G. (2019). Psychometric assessment of shortened Mental Toughness Questionnaires (MTQ): Factor structure of the MTQ-18 and the MTQ-10. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1933. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01933

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Denovan, A. & Dagnall, N. (2019). Development and evaluation of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2717. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02717

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Dhingra, K., & Grogan, S. (2019). Evaluating the Perceived Stress Scale among UK university students: Implications for stress measurement and management. Studies in Higher Education, 44, 120-133. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2017.1340445

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Lofthouse, G. (2019) Neuroticism and somatic complaints: Concomitant effects of rumination and worry. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 47, 431-445. DOI: 10.1017/S1352465818000619

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Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., & Parker, A. (2019). The moderating effect of mental toughness: Perception of risk and belief in the paranormal. Psychological Reports, 122, 268-287. DOI: 0033294118756600

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Papageorgiou, K. A., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2019). The positive effect of narcissism on depressive symptoms through mental toughness: Narcissism may be a dark trait but it does help with seeing the world less grey. European Psychiatry, 55, 74-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.002

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Parker, A., Drinkwater, K., & Walsh, S. (2018). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Inventory of Personality Organization-Reality Testing subscale. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1116. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01116

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., & Parker, A. (2018). Latent profile analysis of schizotypy and paranormal belief: Associations with probabilistic reasoning performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 35. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00035

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Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Parker, A. (2018). The Australian Sheep-Goat Scale: An evaluation of factor structure and convergent validity. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1594. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01594

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Drinkwater, K., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Parker, A., & Clough, P. J. (2018). Predictors and associates of Problem–Reaction–Solution: Statistical bias, emotion-based reasoning, and belief in the paranormal. SAGE Open, 8, 1-11. DOI: 2158244018762999

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Papageorgiou, K. A., Malanchini, M., Denovan, A., Clough, P. J., Shakeshaft, N., Schofield, K., & Kovas, Y. (2018). Longitudinal associations between narcissism, mental toughness and school achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 105-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.024

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Statistical bias and endorsement of conspiracy theories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31, 368-378. DOI: 10.1002/acp.3331

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Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Urban legends and paranormal beliefs: The role of reality testing and schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 942. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00942

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Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Perception of risk and terrorism-related behavior change: Dual influences of probabilistic reasoning and reality testing. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1721. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01721

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Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress and subjective well-being among first year UK undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18, 505-525. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-016-9736-y

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Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., & Parker, A. (2017). An assessment of the dimensionality and factorial structure of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1693. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01693

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Lawton, E., Brymer, E., Clough, P., & Denovan, A. (2017). The relationship between the physical activity environment, nature relatedness, anxiety and the psychological wellbeing benefits of regular exercisers. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1058. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01058

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Beaumont, E., Irons, C., Rayner, G., & Dagnall, N. (2016). Does Compassion-Focused Therapy Training for Health Care Educators and Providers Increase Self-Compassion and Reduce Self-Persecution and Self-Criticism?. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 36(1), pp.4-10. 

 

Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Clough, P. (2016). Towards a better understanding of the relationship between belief in the paranormal and statistical bias: The potential role of schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology – Psychopathology Section, 7: 1045. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01045

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., Parker, A., & Rowley, K. (2016). Misperception of chance, conjunction, framing effects and belief in the paranormal: A further evaluation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30, 409-419. DOI: 10.1002/acp.3217

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Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2016). Building resilience to stress through leisure activities: A qualitative analysis. Annals of Leisure Research, 4, 446-466. DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1211943

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Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2016). Stress, resilience and leisure coping among university students: Applying the broaden-and-build theory. Leisure Studies, 36, 852-865. DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2016.1240220

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., Denovan, A., & Parker, A. (2015). Suggestion, belief in the paranormal, proneness to reality testing deficits, and perception of an allegedly haunted building. Journal of Parapsychology, 79, 87-104.

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Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., Denovan, A., & Parton, M. (2015). Conspiracy theory and cognitive style: a worldview. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 206. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00206

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HJ. Irwin, N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater (2015). Belief Inconsistency in Conspiracy Theorists. Comprehensive Psychology. 4, pp.17.CP.4.19-17.CP.4.19. 

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H. Irwin, N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater (2015). The role of doublethink and other coping processes in paranormal and related beliefs. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 79, pp.80-96. 

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N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater, A. Parker, K. Rowley (2014). Misperception of Chance, Conjunction, Belief in the Paranormal and Reality Testing: A Reappraisal. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 28(5), pp.711-719. 

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H. Irwin, K. Drinkwater, N. Dagnall (2014). Are believers in the paranormal inclined to jump to conclusions?. Australian Journal of Parapsychology. 14, pp.69-82. 

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Macaskill, A., & Denovan, A. (2014). Assessing psychological health: The contribution of psychological strengths. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 42, 320-337. DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2014.898739

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Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2013). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of stress and coping in first year undergraduates. British Educational Research Journal, 39, 1002-1024. DOI: 10.1002/berj.3019

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Macaskill, A., & Denovan, A. (2013). Developing autonomous learning in first year university students using perspectives from positive psychology. Studies in Higher Education, 38, 124-142. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2011.566325

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A. Parker, A. Parkin, N. Dagnall (2013). Effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on episodic and semantic autobiographical memory fluency. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 

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HJ. Irwin, N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater (2013). Parapsychologigal experience as anomalous experience plus paranormal attribution: A questionnaire based on a new approach to measurement. Journal of Parapsychology. 77(1), pp.39-53. 

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K. Drinkwater, N. Dagnall, L. Bate (2013). Into The Unknown: Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis To Explore Personal Accounts of Paranormal Experiences. The Journal of Parapsychology. 77(2), pp.281-294. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2012). Effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on memory in children and adults: an exploratory study. Brain Cogn. 78(3), pp.238-247. 

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K. Drinkwater, N. Dagnall, A. Parker (2012). Reality testing, conspiracy theories, and paranormal beliefs.Journal of Parapsychology. 76(1), pp.57-77. 

 

A. Parker, N. Dagnall, G. Munley (2012). Encoding tasks dissociate the effects of divided attention on category-cued recall and category-exemplar generation. Exp Psychol. 59(3), pp.124-131. 

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H. Irwin, N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater (2012). Paranormal beliefs and cognitive processes underlying the formation of delusions. Australian Journal of Parapsychology. 12, pp.107-126. 

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H. Irwin, N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater (2012). Paranormal belief and biases in reasoning underlying the formation of delusions. Australian Journal of Parapsychology. 12, pp.7-21. 

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N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater, A. Parker (2011). Alien visitation, extra-terrestrial life, and paranormal beliefs. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 25(4), pp.699-720. 

 

N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater, A. Parker (2011). Alien visitation, extra-terrestrial life, and paranormal beliefs. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 25(4), pp.699-720. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley, K. Drinkwater (2010). Common paranormal belief dimensions. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 24(3), pp.477-494. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2010). Effects of handedness and saccadic bilateral eye movements on components of autobiographical recollection. Brain Cogn. 73(2), pp.93-101. 

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N. Dagnall, G. Munley, A. Parker, K. Drinkwater (2010). Paranormal belief, schizotypy, and transliminality. Journal of Parapsychology. 74(1), pp.117-141. 

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N. Dagnall, K. Drinkwater, A. Parker, G. Munley (2010). Reality testing, belief in the paranormal, and urban legends. European Journal of Parapsychology. 25, pp.25-55. 

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N. Dagnall, G. Munley, K. Drinkwater (2010). The relationship between belief in extra-terrestrial life, UFO-related beliefs and paranormal belief. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 74, pp.1-14. 

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Macaskill, A., & Denovan, A. (2009). Using positive psychology to promote the health and wellbeing of new student transition to university. Psychology and Health Vol. 24, Supplement 1, 417-420.

 

A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2009). Concreteness effects revisited: the influence of dynamic visual noise on memory for concrete and abstract words. Memory. 17(4), pp.397-410. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2009). Assessing superstitious belief. Psychol Rep. 104(2), pp.447-454. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker (2009). Schizotypy and false memory. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 40(1), pp.179-188. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2009). Effects of retrieval practice on conceptual explicit and implicit consumer memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 23(2), pp.188-203. 

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A. Parker, S. Buckley, N. Dagnall (2009). Reduced misinformation effects following saccadic bilateral eye movements. Brain Cogn. 69(1), pp.89-97. 

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N. Dagnall, G. Munley, A. Parker (2008). Memory aberrations, transliminality, and delusional ideation. Percept Mot Skills. 106(1), pp.67-75. 

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A. Parker, S. Relph, N. Dagnall (2008). Effects of bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Neuropsychology. 22(1), pp.136-145. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2008). News Events, False Memory and Paranormal Belief. European Journal of Parapsychology. 23(2), pp.173-188. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2008). The Effects of Part-Set Cuing on the Recall of General Knowledge Information. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology. 7(2), pp.248-265. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2007). Effects of part-set cuing on reminiscence. Percept Mot Skills. 105(3 Pt 1), pp.1015-1022. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2007). Effects of part-set cuing on reminiscence. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 105(3 I), pp.1015-1022. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2007). Paranormal belief and reasoning. Personality and Individual Differences. 43(6), pp.1406-1415. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2007). Effects of retrieval practice on consumer memory for brand attributes. Psychol Rep. 101(1), pp.311-318. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2007). Social collaboration, inhibition and context. Psychol Rep. 100(3 Pt 1), pp.691-699. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall, A-M. Coyle (2007). Environmental context effects in conceptual explicit and implicit memory. Memory. 15(4), pp.423-434. 

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A. Parker, N. Dagnall (2007). Effects of bilateral eye movements on gist based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain Cogn. 63(3), pp.221-225. 

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N. Dagnall, A. Parker, G. Munley (2007). Superstitious Belief: Negative and Positive Superstitions. European Journal of Parapsychology. 22, pp.121-137. 

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K. Drinkwater, N. Dagnall, A. Parker (2006). Effects of part-set cuing on experienced and novice chess players' reconstruction of a typical chess midgame position. Percept Mot Skills. 102(3), pp.645-653.

Teacher Writing a Formula on a Blackboard

Book chapters

N. Dagnall, AM. Denovan (2017). Measuring mindset using psychometric tests. In: The GCSE Mindset: 40 activities for transforming student commitment, motivation and productivity. Crown House Publishing, 

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AM. Denovan, L. Crust, P. Clough (2016). Resilience at Work. In: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-Based Approaches at Work. Wiley-Blackwell, 

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Clough, P., Oakes, S., Dagnall, N., St Clair-Thompson, H., & McGeown, S. (2016). The Study of Non-Cognitive Attributes in Education. In Non-cognitive Skills and Factors in Educational Attainment (pp. 315-329). SensePublishers. 

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Parker, A., Parkin, A., & Dagnall, N. (2015). Effects of Saccadic Bilateral Eye Movements on Episodic and Semantic Autobiographical Memory Fluency. In: T. T. Brunye, S. R. Cavanagh, & R. E. Propper (Eds), Hemispheric Bases for Emotion & Memory. Frontiers Media.

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